Warli paintings derive their simplicity in composition and theme from the lives of the Warli tribe, who originate from the mountainous and coastal regions of northern Maharashtra. They made use of elementary shapes, based on their observations of nature, to depict life as it unfolded around them: scenes of hunting, farming, fishing, dance and festivities. Warli paintings are believed to date back to the 10th century: it is possible that their use of pigments and colours available at the time carried forward in subsequent years. Human and animal figures were rendered in white against an earthy red background; the white pigment was made by mixing white paste with water and gum, and at times, yellow and red pigments were also used.

Though simple in composition, Warli paintings possess meticulousness and energy. On viewing, one deciphers numerous scenes unfolding—figures and animals populate these paintings with vibrancy. Motifs are repetitive, and the image of tribal folks forming a circle in a ritual dance is frequently portrayed. At a time when depth and perspective were not commonly seen in painting, the scenes retained a depth despite their flat renderings. One senses a verisimilitude to rural life in them. Playing with sizes, placement and action, the lives of the tribes seeped into these works.

These paintings were believed to have been reserved for highly auspicious and ceremonial occasions. From the 1970s onwards, accessibility to Warli painting brought the art form to the fore of India’s consciousness.